What is footing? 

A footing is the lowest part of a building’s foundation that transfers the load (weight) of the structure safely into the soil. Its main purpose is to spread out the weight of the building so the ground can support it without settlement, tilting, or collapse. 

What is Beam? 

A beam is a horizontal structural element that carries loads primarily by bending. Beams transfer the weight from slabs, floors, or roofs to vertical supports like columns or walls, and then eventually down to the foundation. 

what is column ?

A column is a vertical structural element that primarily carries compressive loads. Its main job is to transfer the weight of slabs, beams, and floors above it down to the foundation. 

how many types of footing ?

Footings are classified based on the type of load they carry, the soil condition, and the structural requirements.

1. Shallow Foundations (used when good soil is near the surface)

1. Isolated Footing – Supports a single column.
   
   

2. Combined Footing – Supports two or more columns close together.
   
   

3. Strip Footing – A continuous footing supporting a wall or a line of columns.
   
   

4. Raft / Mat Footing – A large slab covering the entire building area, supporting multiple columns/walls (used when soil is weak or loads are heavy).

How many day's in concrete full strenth ?

Concrete Strength Gain Over Time

• Concrete doesn’t gain full strength in a single day — it hardens gradually.
  
  

• The strength depends on hydration (the reaction between cement and water).
  
  

✅ Key Timeline (as per IS Code & ACI Standards):

• 7 days → Concrete reaches about 65–70% of its strength.
  
  

• 14 days → About 80–85% of strength.
  
  

• 28 days → Concrete is considered to reach its full design strength (100%).
  
  

👉 That’s why 28 days is the standard time used in testing (e.g., cube/compressive strength test).

⚠️ After 28 days, concrete still continues to gain strength slowly over months or even years, but for design purposes, 28 days is taken as full strength.

Would you like me to also explain why curing during the first 7 days is so critical for achieving that full 28-day strength?